The first layer of Socialism is a set of political explanations that divide society into groups that fall into either Oppressed or Oppressor classes.

An ambitious, young leader promises the disgruntled majority that the reason they suffer is a small group of unjust, morally bankrupt, greedy individuals have tricked them in ways their saviour understands; and that this leader, if elected, will use the power of the state to right those wrongs and liberate the oppressed classes from the oppressors.

Lenin's Russia

Oppressors
The Christian Tsarist aristocracy, the bourgeoisie, capitalists, and imperialists
Oppressed
Industrial workers, peasants, women and Jews

Applied via the Bolshevik Revolution, the "dictatorship of the proletariat," and the Red Terror against class enemies.

Stalin's Soviet Union

Oppressors
Kulaks, the wealthy peasants and farming landowners, the bourgeois, Christians, and anyone against the Party
Oppressed
The Soviet toiling masses: Russian workers and farmers

Applied via forced collectivization, dekulakization, the Holodomor, Siberian work camps,and the Great Purge.

Hitler's Germany: The National Socialists

Oppressors
"Greedy Capitalist Jews," cast at once as finance capital and as Bolshevism, together with Marxists and the Versailles powers
Oppressed
The Aryan German Volk; White Europeans

Applied via the Nuremberg Laws, the camps, and the Holocaust.

Mao's Communist China

Oppressors
Landlords, rich peasants, business owners, Capitalists, and Republicans. The Black Classes, those who inherited privilege from The Four Olds.
Oppressed
Poor peasants and workers

Applied via violent land reform, the Great Leap Forward, and the Cultural Revolution.

Castro's Cuba

Oppressors
The Batista regime, the Cuban bourgeoisie, U.S. imperialism and capitalism
Oppressed
Cuban workers, peasants, and the poor

Applied via Centralized govenrment control, mass expropriation, the firing squads at La Cabaña, and the labor camps.

Pol Pot's Cambodia

Oppressors
The urban "new people," intellectuals, and professionals
Oppressed
The pure rural Khmer "base people"

Applied via Year Zero: the cities emptied, the population marched into the countryside, and the killing fields.

America, 2026

Oppressors
Racist, straight, Christian white men; colonizers, the privileged, billionaires
Oppressed
The colonized, African Americans, LGBTQ, Jews, atheists, the poor
Political map plotting Left versus Right against Socialism / Authoritarianism / Monarchy versus Classical Liberalism, locating regimes and political groups in four quadrants